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Occupational lung cancer.

D B Coultas1, J M Samet

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Occupational exposures contribute significantly to lung cancer risk, with estimates varying but consistently indicating a substantial burden. Prevention strategies include exposure reduction, smoking cessation programs at the workplace, and potentially dietary modifications.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Epidemiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The role of occupational exposures in lung cancer causation has been debated since the 1970s.
  • Early estimates suggested a high burden of occupational lung cancer, ranging from 61,000 to 98,000 cases annually for specific agents.
  • More recent reviews indicate attributable risk estimates for occupation and lung cancer between 4% and 40%, with asbestos alone contributing 1% to 5%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the contribution of occupational exposures to lung cancer.
  • To discuss prevention strategies for lung cancer mortality in exposed workers.
  • To highlight the importance of smoking cessation and other interventions in occupational settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological studies and risk estimates.

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  • Analysis of historical and recent data on occupational lung cancer burden.
  • Evaluation of prevention strategies including exposure reduction, smoking cessation, screening, and chemo-prevention.

    • Main Results:

    • Occupational exposures remain an important cause of lung cancer, with estimates varying by location and time.
    • Eliminating or reducing exposures to agents like chloromethyl ethers and nickel compounds has shown reduced lung cancer risk.
    • Worksite smoking cessation programs are effective, reaching smokers who may not seek other cessation methods, with abstinence rates around 30%.

    Conclusions:

    • Occupational exposures are a significant, though often debated, contributor to lung cancer.
    • Comprehensive prevention strategies are crucial, emphasizing exposure reduction and robust smoking cessation programs.
    • While screening methods show limited value, dietary factors may play a role in modifying lung cancer risk.