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Updated: Aug 24, 2026

Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies
Published on: July 1, 2016
Determination of lower sub ppt levels of environmental analytes using high-powered concentration system and
Ryotarou Akiyama1, Yoshitaka Takagai, Shukuro Igarashi
1Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, Nakanarusawa 4-12-1, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
Abstract:
The proposed method was successful in the determination and separation of lower sub ppt levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, a new phase separation phenomenon (i.e., homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction) was developed that rapidly and simply separated an immiscible liquid phase from water-miscible organic solvents. One liter of sample solution was preconcentrated by a solid phase extraction method, then the obtained eluate (5 mL) was further preconcentrated to just 20 microL by this homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction. The 20 [micro sign]L sedimented phase was directly injected into the high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (FL-HPLC). The entire preconcentration factor was 50,000-fold. Six kinds of PAHs were determined in the range of 3.0 x 10(-18) approximately 4.5 x 10(-11) mol L(-1). These chemicals were also satisfactorily separated.
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