Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...

Smallpox

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

Amebiasis

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The burden of chronic hepatitis B and C in 2022 and progress towards elimination: a global report.

The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology·2026

Same author

Harnessing digital health data for person-centred HIV prevention monitoring: a survey of national health information systems.

Journal of the International AIDS Society·2025

Same author

Prevalence of advanced HIV disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of nationally representative household surveys.

The Lancet. Global health·2025

Same author

Global, regional, and national estimates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection incidence among people who inject drugs and number of new annual HCV infections attributable to injecting drug use: a multi-stage analysis.

The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology·2025

Same author

Dynamic HIV risk differentiation among youth: Validation of a tool for prioritization of prevention in East Zimbabwe.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2024

Same author

Incidence of HIV and hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs, and associations with age and sex or gender: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.

The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive

Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive

Published on: July 4, 2007

Population-level HIV declines and behavioral risk avoidance in Uganda.

Rand L Stoneburner¹, Daniel Low-Beer

¹Population Health Evaluation Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK. randstoneburner@netzero.net

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 1, 2004

Summary

Uganda

Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Behavioral Science

Background:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge.
Uganda offers a unique case study in HIV prevention success.
Previous interventions have focused on condom use and biomedical approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the factors contributing to Uganda's significant decline in HIV prevalence.
To understand the role of social networks and behavioral change in HIV prevention.
To evaluate the replicability of Uganda's HIV/AIDS response model.

Main Methods:

Analysis of HIV prevalence trends in Uganda since the early 1990s.
Correlation of behavioral changes, specifically reduced casual sex, with HIV decline.

More Related Videos

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

Published on: May 11, 2020

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses

Published on: November 4, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive

Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive

Published on: July 4, 2007

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

Published on: May 11, 2020

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses

Published on: November 4, 2025

Examination of communication strategies within social networks regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Main Results:

Uganda achieved a 70% decline in HIV prevalence, linked to a 60% reduction in casual sex.
Communication about AIDS through social networks was a key factor.
Other African nations with similar resources did not achieve comparable reductions.

Conclusions:

Uganda's HIV prevention success demonstrates the power of population mobilization and behavioral change.
The Ugandan model, equivalent to an 80% effective vaccine, highlights the importance of social networks in public health.
Replicating this success requires a shift in global HIV/AIDS intervention policies and evaluation methods.