Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Layers of the Epidermis01:21

Layers of the Epidermis

The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
Stratum Basale
Stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is composed of a single layer of actively dividing cells called basal cells or basal keratinocytes. These cells constantly undergo cell division to replenish the upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, melanocytes, which...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retrosplenial cortex enables context-dependent goal-directed sensorimotor transformation.

eLife·2026
Same author

Humans correctly assign emotional valence of rat vocalizations.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Contextual gating of whisker-evoked responses by frontal cortex supports flexible decision making.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Cortical circuits for whisker sensory perception-From barrel columns to brain-wide interactions.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same author

Thalamic activation of the visual cortex at the single-synapse level.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Morphoelectric properties of inhibitory neurons shift gradually and regardless of cell type along the depth of the cerebral cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

The Three-Dimensional Human Skin Reconstruct Model: a Tool to Study Normal Skin and Melanoma Progression
11:02

The Three-Dimensional Human Skin Reconstruct Model: a Tool to Study Normal Skin and Melanoma Progression

Published on: August 3, 2011

RETRACTED: Synaptic changes in layer 2/3 underlying map plasticity of developing barrel cortex.

Carl C H Petersen1, Michael Brecht, Thomas T G Hahn

  • 1Department of Cell Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany. carl.petersen@epfl.ch

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sensory map rearrangements in the developing rat barrel cortex were studied. Partial sensory deprivation strengthened connections in spared cortical areas while weakening connections between deprived and spared regions.

More Related Videos

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding
09:14

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding

Published on: August 22, 2016

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale
08:49

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale

Published on: May 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

The Three-Dimensional Human Skin Reconstruct Model: a Tool to Study Normal Skin and Melanoma Progression
11:02

The Three-Dimensional Human Skin Reconstruct Model: a Tool to Study Normal Skin and Melanoma Progression

Published on: August 3, 2011

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding
09:14

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding

Published on: August 22, 2016

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale
08:49

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale

Published on: May 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cortical sensory map plasticity is crucial for adapting to changing sensory experiences.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of functional and anatomical rearrangements in sensory maps remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how partial sensory deprivation affects the sensory map and synaptic connectivity in the developing rat barrel cortex.
  • To elucidate the in vivo and in vitro alterations in cortical columns due to modified sensory input.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo and in vitro electrophysiological recordings in the developing rat barrel cortex.
  • Analysis of synaptic connectivity and neuronal morphology following partial sensory deprivation.

Main Results:

  • Nondeprived cortical columns exhibited strengthened sensory responses and enhanced synaptic connectivity.
  • Increased synaptic connection probability and selective axonal arbor growth were observed between L2/3 pyramids in adjacent, spared columns.
  • Deprived and nondeprived cortical columns showed weakened L2/3 pyramid connections.

Conclusions:

  • Partial sensory deprivation induces significant functional and anatomical reorganization in the developing barrel cortex.
  • Experience-dependent plasticity involves strengthening of spared pathways and weakening of connections involving deprived areas.
  • These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying cortical map refinement during development.