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Related Experiment Videos

Evidence for apoplasmic phloem unloading in developing apple fruit.

Ling-Yun Zhang1, Yi-Ben Peng, Sandrine Pelleschi-Travier

  • 1China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, 100094 Beijing, China.

Plant Physiology
|May 4, 2004
PubMed
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This study reveals an apoplasmic phloem unloading pathway in apple fruits, identifying key transporters and enzymes involved in sugar movement. This clarifies how fruits accumulate sugars via the apoplast.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Fruit Development
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Phloem unloading mechanisms are not fully understood in fruits with high soluble sugar content.
  • Apple (Malus domestica) fruit development involves complex sugar transport processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phloem unloading pathway in apple fruit.
  • To identify structural and molecular components involved in sugar transport during apple fruit development.

Main Methods:

  • Structural investigation of sepal bundles in apple fruit.
  • 14C-autoradiography and confocal laser scanning microscopy for dye unloading studies.
  • Immunolocalization of monosaccharide transporters and H+-ATPase.
  • [14C]sorbitol unloading experiments.

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Main Results:

  • The sieve element-companion cell complex in apple sepal bundles is symplasmically isolated.
  • Phloem unloading occurs via an apoplasmic pathway, with dye confined to phloem strands.
  • A putative monosaccharide transporter and H+-ATPase are localized in the plasma membrane of phloem and parenchyma cells.
  • Evidence suggests an energy-driven monosaccharide transporter is functional in phloem unloading.

Conclusions:

  • Apple fruit utilizes an apoplasmic phloem unloading pathway.
  • Specific structural and molecular features, including transporters and ATPases, facilitate this apoplasmic unloading.
  • This research provides critical insights into sugar accumulation in fleshy fruits.