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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy
08:40

Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy

Published on: August 1, 2013

Dendritic cell immunotherapy: mapping the way.

Carl G Figdor1, I Jolanda M de Vries, W Joost Lesterhuis

  • 1Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. c.figdor@ncmls.kun.nl

Nature Medicine
|May 4, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Dendritic cells (DCs) regulate immune responses and show promise for treating cancer and autoimmune diseases. Further research requires standardized criteria for clinical trials involving DC vaccines.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells in the immune system.
  • DCs possess the unique ability to modulate immune responses, either stimulating or inhibiting them.
  • Their immune-regulatory functions are being explored for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of dendritic cells in therapeutic strategies.
  • To evaluate the promise of exploiting DC immune-regulatory capacities.
  • To highlight the need for standardized criteria in clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on dendritic cell function and immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of early clinical trial data for DC-based vaccines.
  • Assessment of immunological and clinical criteria in DC research.

Main Results:

  • Dendritic cell vaccines have shown the potential to induce immune responses in cancer patients.
  • Early clinical trials provide preliminary evidence for DC vaccine efficacy.
  • Significant variability and lack of standardization exist in current trial designs.

Conclusions:

  • Dendritic cells offer a promising avenue for treating cancer, autoimmune diseases, and preventing transplant rejection.
  • Further clinical investigations require rigorous study design and standardized evaluation methods.
  • Optimizing DC-based therapies necessitates a focus on consistent clinical and immunological assessments.