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Related Experiment Videos

Improving memory and control beliefs through cognitive restructuring and self-generated strategies.

M E Lachman1, S L Weaver, M Bandura

  • 1Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254-9110.

Journal of Gerontology
|September 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Older adults concerned about memory can improve their beliefs about memory ability and control through combined cognitive and skills training. This approach enhances perceived memory capacity and encourages strategy use.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Memory decline is a significant concern for older adults.
  • Beliefs about memory ability and control can influence memory performance.
  • Interventions targeting these beliefs may improve cognitive function in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions for improving memory performance and beliefs about memory in older adults.
  • To compare cognitive restructuring, memory skills training, combined treatment, and task practice against a control group.
  • To assess changes in memory ability, control beliefs, and strategy use.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial with five groups: cognitive restructuring, memory skills training, combined treatment, memory task practice, and a no-contact control.

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  • Participants aged 60-85.
  • Memory performance (working memory, recall, name-face recognition) and memory beliefs assessed pre- and post-intervention.

    • Main Results:

    • The combined cognitive restructuring and memory skills training group showed the largest improvements in perceived memory ability and control.
    • All intervention groups demonstrated comparable improvements in objective memory task performance.
    • Participants in memory training groups were more likely to report using new memory strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Combined cognitive and memory skills interventions are effective in enhancing older adults' beliefs about their memory capacity and control.
    • While objective memory performance improved across groups, belief-focused interventions uniquely impact self-perceptions of memory.
    • Encouraging strategy use is a key outcome of memory training for older adults.