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Related Concept Videos

Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State01:21

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
06:43

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

[Heat stroke with alpha coma. A case report].

J Gandjour1, J Oehler, A Mohr

  • 1Neurologische Klinik, Universität Heidelberg. joubin.gandjour@usz.ch

Der Nervenarzt
|May 6, 2004
PubMed
Summary

A severe heat stroke case highlights the critical condition of a patient with high core body temperature. Despite initial poor prognosis, the patient recovered consciousness and was discharged, though with a moderate neurological deficit.

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Heat stroke is a medical emergency characterized by hyperthermia and central nervous system dysfunction.
  • Prompt recognition and management are crucial for patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 41-year-old patient presented with near-fatal heat stroke and a core body temperature of 41.5°C.
  • Clinical course involved systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiorgan failure, and non-reactive alpha coma on EEG.
  • The patient developed cerebral toxoplasmosis during recovery.

Findings:

  • The patient regained consciousness after 16 days in intensive care.
  • Cerebral toxoplasmosis was treated successfully with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine.
  • A moderate neurological deficit was noted upon transfer to neurorehabilitation 65 days post-onset.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for severe complications following heat stroke, including neurological sequelae.
  • Aggressive management in intensive care can lead to recovery even in critical cases.
  • The development of opportunistic infections like cerebral toxoplasmosis warrants consideration in immunocompromised or critically ill patients.