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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Update on food allergy.

Hugh A Sampson1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Immunobiology, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. hugh.sampson@mssm.edu

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|May 8, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Food allergies affect nearly 4% of Americans, with peanut allergy doubling in young children. Advances in understanding and new therapies offer hope for improved management and treatment of food allergies.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Epidemiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Food allergies impact a significant portion of the population, with recent studies indicating a prevalence of nearly 4% in Americans.
  • The prevalence of specific food allergies, such as peanut allergy in young children, has shown a concerning increase in recent years.
  • Molecular characterization of food allergens is advancing our understanding of allergic disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in the understanding, diagnosis, and management of food-based allergic disorders.
  • To highlight the increasing prevalence of food allergies and specific allergens like peanut.
  • To discuss emerging diagnostic and immunotherapeutic strategies for food allergies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent epidemiologic studies on food allergy prevalence.
  • Analysis of molecular characterization data for food allergens.
  • Evaluation of current management strategies and emerging therapies, including clinical trial outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiologic data reveal a 4% prevalence of food allergies in Americans.
  • A significant increase in peanut allergy prevalence has been observed in young American children.
  • Molecular insights into immunopathogenesis are paving the way for novel diagnostics and therapeutics.

Conclusions:

  • Current food allergy management relies on allergen avoidance, symptom recognition, and emergency treatment.
  • Emerging immunotherapies, such as anti-IgE therapy, show promise for treating food allergies.
  • Continued research into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets offers hope for future treatment advancements.