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A fully integrated neural recording amplifier with DC input stabilization.

Pedram Mohseni1, Khalil Najafi

  • 1Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSystems, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122, USA. pmohseni@umich.edu

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
|May 11, 2004
PubMed
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This study introduces a low-power, low-noise operational amplifier for biomedical neural recording. It effectively handles electrode-electrolyte interface potentials, offering stable gain and low noise for enhanced signal acquisition.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analog Integrated Circuit Design
  • Neuroscience Instrumentation

Background:

  • Biomedical neural recording requires amplifiers with low power consumption, low noise, and the ability to handle large DC potentials from electrode-electrolyte interfaces.
  • Existing solutions may struggle with DC offset, power efficiency, or noise performance, limiting their suitability for long-term or implantable recording systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a fully integrated, low-power, low-noise bandpass operational amplifier specifically designed for biomedical neural recording applications.
  • To characterize the amplifier's DC, AC, and noise performance for effective evaluation in neural signal acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • A standard two-stage CMOS amplifier architecture with closed-loop resistive feedback was employed.

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  • A subthreshold PMOS input transistor was integrated to manage DC open-circuit potentials at the electrode-electrolyte interface.
  • The amplifier's performance was characterized through in vitro measurements in saline using various neural recording electrodes.

    • Main Results:

    • The amplifier achieved a stable AC gain of 39.3 dB at 1 kHz and a programmable low cutoff frequency up to 50 Hz, with a high cutoff frequency of 9.1 kHz.
    • It demonstrated a tolerable DC input range of +/- 0.25 V with a DC rejection factor of at least 29 dB.
    • The input-referred noise voltage was measured at 7.8 microVrms in the 0.1-10 kHz range, with a die area of 0.107 mm2 and power dissipation of 115 microW.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed operational amplifier meets critical requirements for low-power, low-noise biomedical neural recording.
    • Its design effectively addresses challenges associated with DC potentials at the electrode-electrolyte interface, paving the way for improved neural signal acquisition.
    • The comprehensive characterization validates its performance for diverse in vitro neural recording scenarios.