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Comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension exacerbates cognitive decline: evidence from a longitudinal study
Linda B Hassing1, Scott M Hofer, Sven E Nilsson
1Department of Psychology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. Linda.Hassing@psy.gu.se
Background:
diabetes and hypertension are two highly prevalent diseases in the old population. They are highly related such that comorbidity is common.
Objectives:
to examine (i) the independent impact of the respective diseases on cognitive decline in very old age and (ii) the interactive impact of the two diseases on cognitive decline.
Subjects:
258 individuals (mean age = 83 years), all non-demented at baseline. Of these, 128 individuals (non-cases) were free from diabetes and hypertension, 92 individuals had a diagnosis of hypertension, 16 had a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis without hypertension, and 22 had comorbid diabetes and hypertension.
Method:
a population-based longitudinal study of ageing (The OCTO-Twin Study), including four measurement occasions 2 years apart. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to measure general cognitive function. Data were analysed using SAS Proc Mixed multilevel modelling.
Results:
longitudinal trajectories indicated a steeper decline in cognitive function related to diabetes but not related to hypertension. However, the results indicated greatest cognitive decline among persons with comorbid diabetes and hypertension.
Conclusions:
it is concluded that comorbidity of diabetes and hypertension produce a pronounced cognitive decline. This finding emphasises the importance of prevention and treatment of those highly prevalent diseases in the old population.
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