[The specific features of disseminated forms of tuberculosis in children]

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Infectious Diseases
• Pulmonology

Background:

• Disseminated and miliary tuberculosis present unique challenges in pediatric populations.
• Early diagnosis and effective treatment are critical for improving outcomes in young children with tuberculosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes in children with disseminated and miliary tuberculosis.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of current treatment strategies in this vulnerable patient group.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 23 pediatric patients diagnosed with disseminated and miliary tuberculosis.
• Review of clinical data, radiological findings (X-ray), and treatment responses.
• Assessment of BCG vaccination scar size in relation to disease presentation.

Main Results:

• Infants under one year constituted over half of the study cohort.
• Tuberculosis onset was typically gradual, with severe presentations in 50% of cases, often without significant fever.
• Radiological findings frequently showed extensive dissemination with varied foci; miliary tuberculosis was observed in 3 patients.
• A notable 13% mortality rate was recorded.
• A positive clinical effect was observed in 87% of treated children.

Conclusions:

• Disseminated and miliary tuberculosis in infants and young children often presents insidiously with severe radiological manifestations.
• Despite challenges, a high percentage of pediatric patients achieve positive clinical outcomes with appropriate treatment.
• The study underscores the importance of vigilant diagnosis and timely intervention for severe pediatric tuberculosis cases.