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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Symmetry Elements in a Crystal01:27

Symmetry Elements in a Crystal

Crystal symmetry operations are isometric transformations that map objects onto indistinguishable copies while preserving distances, angles, and volumes. The simplest symmetry operation is translation, which shifts the entire infinite crystal lattice parallelly by a translation vector.Crystallographic rotations involve rotations by an angle of 2π/n around an axis without changing the positions of points on the axis. It is called the rotational axis of the symmetry, denoted by n. The combination...
The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview01:24

The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview

Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific requirements are not imposed on the...
Crystallographic Point Groups01:29

Crystallographic Point Groups

Crystallographic point groups represent the various symmetry operations that can occur within crystals. They are unique in that at least one point will always remain unchanged during these actions. For instance, consider the triclinic system. This system, devoid of any axis or plane of symmetry, aligns with the C1 and Ci point groups.where Cᵢ is characterized solely by a center of inversion.Contrastingly, the monoclinic system introduces an element of symmetry. This system with one plane and...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Colloidal crystallization and banding in a cylindrical geometry.

Manouk Abkarian1, Janine Nunes, Howard A Stone

  • 1Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 13, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Colloidal crystallization in circular capillaries forms periodic bands. Confinement by the meniscus dictates particle packing, creating hexagonally close-packed and buckled phase crystal regions.

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Colloidal crystallization utilizes interfacial forces for particle organization into regular structures.
  • Surface functionalization via colloidal patterning has applications in optics, catalysis, sensing, and cleaning.
  • Patterning complex surfaces like curved or confined substrates enables novel intelligent materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate colloidal crystallization within circular capillaries.
  • To characterize particle packing structures under confinement.
  • To explore methods for patterning non-planar surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental characterization of colloidal crystallization inside circular capillaries.
  • Analysis of particle packing influenced by capillary-confined meniscus geometry.
  • Observation of banding and crystal structures.

Main Results:

  • A nearly periodic banding of colloidal particles was observed within the capillaries.
  • Colloidal packing is primarily dictated by the confinement effects of the wedge-like meniscus region.
  • The observed packing consists of alternating hexagonally close-packed regions and narrow buckled phase crystal regions.

Conclusions:

  • Confinement within circular capillaries induces ordered colloidal structures.
  • The meniscus geometry plays a crucial role in dictating the observed colloidal crystal patterns.
  • This work represents a step towards patterning complex, non-planar surfaces with colloidal assemblies.