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FoxOs at the crossroads of cellular metabolism, differentiation, and transformation

Domenico Accili1, Karen C Arden

  • 1College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. da230@columbia.edu

Cell
|May 13, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors regulate cell functions like metabolism and survival. Their activity, controlled by phosphorylation and acetylation, impacts diseases such as diabetes and cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors are crucial regulators of cellular processes.
  • These factors control cell differentiation, metabolism, proliferation, and survival.
  • Their activity is modulated by post-translational modifications like phosphorylation and acetylation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of FoxO transcription factors.
  • To understand the impact of FoxO dysregulation on cellular functions and disease.
  • To highlight the role of phosphorylation and acetylation in controlling FoxO output.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on FoxO transcription factors.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving FoxO.
  • Examination of the effects of altered phosphorylation and acetylation states.

Main Results:

  • FoxO factors integrate diverse cellular signaling pathways.
  • A two-tiered mechanism involving phosphorylation and acetylation controls FoxO transcriptional activity.
  • Altered FoxO function leads to a spectrum of phenotypes, including protection against diabetes and predisposition to cancer.

Conclusions:

  • FoxO transcription factors are key nodal points in cellular regulation.
  • The balance of phosphorylation and acetylation is critical for FoxO function.
  • Dysregulation of FoxO activity has significant implications for metabolic and neoplastic diseases.

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