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Surgical Injury to the Mouse Pancreas through Ligation of the Pancreatic Duct as a Model for Endocrine and Exocrine Reprogramming and Proliferation
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Fibrosis of the pancreas: the initial tissue damage and the resulting pattern

Günter Klöppel1, Sönke Detlefsen, Bernd Feyerabend

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Kiel, Michaelisstrasse 11, 24105, Kiel, Germany. gkloeppel@path.uni-kiel.de

Virchows Archiv : an International Journal of Pathology
|May 13, 2004
PubMed

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Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
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Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
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The causes of acute pancreatitis include: