Thyroid dysfunction and women's reproductive health

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Women's Health
• Reproductive Medicine

Background:

• Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in women, affecting menstrual cycles and reproduction.
• Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism pose risks during pregnancy, including miscarriage, fetal death, and developmental issues.
• Thyroid disorders are considered in the diagnosis of menstrual irregularities and postpartum conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To emphasize the importance of thyrotropin (TSH) screening in women of reproductive age.
• To highlight the need for careful monitoring of thyroid hormone replacement during pregnancy.
• To discuss the role of TSH testing in evaluating menstrual disorders and postpartum symptoms.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines on thyroid dysfunction in women.
• Analysis of the impact of thyroid dysfunction on pregnancy outcomes and reproductive health.
• Discussion of diagnostic approaches and management strategies for thyroid disorders in women.

Main Results:

• Minimal hypothyroidism increases miscarriage and fetal death rates and can affect offspring cognitive development.
• TSH determination is recommended for all pregnant women and those planning pregnancy.
• Postpartum thyroiditis affects 6%-8% of women, necessitating TSH screening for those with relevant symptoms.

Conclusions:

• TSH testing is essential for women planning pregnancy, pregnant women, and those with menstrual irregularities or postpartum symptoms.
• Thyroid hormone replacement doses require careful adjustment during pregnancy.
• While thyroid issues are not the most frequent cause of menstrual disorders, TSH screening remains important.