Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 24, 2026

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

Association between common Toll-like receptor 4 mutations and severe respiratory syncytial virus disease

Guy Tal1, Avigdor Mandelberg, Ilan Dalal

  • 1Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Holon, Israel.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|May 15, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Genetic variations in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are linked to severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infants. CD14 gene variations did not show a significant association with disease severity.

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Viral Pathogenesis
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis severity varies greatly in infants, suggesting genetic factors influence outcomes.
  • Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 are key components of the innate immune system's response to RSV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mutations (Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile) and CD14/-159 polymorphism with the severity of RSV bronchiolitis in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of TLR4 mutations and CD14/-159 polymorphism using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis.
  • Comparison of genetic data from 99 infants with severe RSV bronchiolitis against 82 infants with mild RSV bronchiolitis and 90 healthy adults.

Main Results:

  • The TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile mutations were significantly more prevalent in infants with severe RSV bronchiolitis compared to those with mild disease or healthy adults.
  • No significant association was found between the CD14/-159 polymorphism and the severity of RSV bronchiolitis.

Conclusions:

  • TLR4 mutations are associated with an increased risk of severe RSV bronchiolitis in previously healthy infants.
  • The CD14/-159 polymorphism does not appear to be a significant risk factor for severe RSV bronchiolitis.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses11:48

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Published on: April 4, 2019

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Micro-neutralization Assay09:14

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: January 26, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation, but...