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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Using a Pan-Viral Microarray Assay (Virochip) to Screen Clinical Samples for Viral Pathogens

Using a Pan-Viral Microarray Assay (Virochip) to Screen Clinical Samples for Viral Pathogens

Published on: April 27, 2011

Diagnostic virology--then and now.

T F Smith¹, A D Wold, M J Epsy

¹Section of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|January 1, 1992

Summary

Rapid diagnostic virology tests, including shell vial assay and enzyme immunoassays (EIA), now report over 90% of viruses within 24 hours. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers future potential for widespread diagnostic use.

Area of Science:

Clinical Virology
Diagnostic Technology
Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

Technological advancements have significantly improved viral detection turnaround times.
Shell vial assays and rapid membrane enzyme immunoassays (EIA) are now widely available.
Over 90% of viral detections are reported within 24 hours postinoculation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current state of rapid viral detection methods.
To explore the potential of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in diagnostic virology.
To identify challenges in implementing new diagnostic technologies in routine laboratories.

Main Methods:

Analysis of technologic advances in viral detection assays.
Evaluation of the impact of rapid membrane EIA tests.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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Consideration of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology for clinical diagnostics.

Main Results:

Over 90% of viruses are reported within 24 hours using current assays.
PCR technology shows promise for detecting viruses in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), tissues, and blood.
Implementation of PCR in general laboratories faces challenges.

Conclusions:

Rapid viral detection has achieved high efficiency within 24 hours.
PCR technology represents a significant advancement for diagnostic virology.
Cost, licensing, and kit availability are key challenges for routine PCR implementation.