Differential regulation of cytochrome P-450 genes along rat intestinal crypt-villus axis

Mammalian small intestine contains cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase enzymes that are capable of metabolizing a wide variety of xenobiotics and activating procarcinogens to mutagenic compounds. The epithelial cells lining the small intestine are separated into a proliferating undifferentiated compartment located in crypts and a nonproliferating differentiated compartment located on villi. The constitutive expression and induction by xenobiotics of genes that encode components of the cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase system along the rat intestinal crypt-villus axis were investigated using isolated epithelial cells and in situ hybridization. For each gene examined, hybridization analysis of RNA obtained from isolated epithelial cells correlated with findings on in situ RNA hybridization. Cytochrome P-450IA1 mRNA (CYP1A1), the major aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible P-450, and cytochrome P-450IIB1 mRNA (CYP2B1), the major phenobarbital-inducible P-450, were constitutively expressed in villus cells with no detectable mRNA present in crypts. Treatment with several chemical inducers resulted in a marked increase in CYP1A1 mRNA in both crypt and villus cells. In contrast, although CYP2B1 mRNA was inducible in villus cells, CYP2B1 mRNA was not detected in crypts after treatment with chemical inducers. NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, a necessary component for the activity of all P-450 enzymes, was expressed constitutively at low levels only in villus cells. Treatment with dexamethasone induced reductase mRNA in both crypt and villus cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that there is a complex gene-specific pattern of expression of the microsomal monooxygenase system along the crypt-villus axis of rat small intestine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)