Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 24, 2026

A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae
Published on: July 8, 2025
A self-psychology approach to narcissistic personality disorder: a nursing reflection
1Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. dromano@mtsinai.on.ca
Topic:
The use of Heinz Kohut's self-psychology perspective in understanding and providing care for patients with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).
Purpose:
To describe how nurses can apply the self-psychology perspective as a way to understand the development of self for individuals with NPD and to enhance the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient with NPD.
Sources:
Theoretical literature; the author's clinical experience.
Conclusions:
Self-psychology provides nurses with a theoretical perspective that can enhance the interpersonal relationship between the nurse and patient with NPD.
Related Concept Videos
Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant
Characteristics of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic individuals exhibit an inflated sense of self-importance and an excessive need for admiration. They are often...
Horney's Sociocultural Approach
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
Introspection
Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
Carl Rogers' Humanistic Perspective on Personality
The organism refers to an individual's inherent blueprint, which Rogers saw as innately positive and directed toward helping others, unlike Freud's view of the id as driven by base impulses. The self is a person's...