Pressure-inactivated FMDV: a potential vaccine

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Daniella Ishimaru1, Daniel Sá-Carvalho, Jerson L Silva

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Macromoléculas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil.

Vaccine
|May 20, 2004
PubMed

Insights

High hydrostatic pressure (HP) treatment effectively inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) while preserving its structure and immunogenicity. This suggests HP is a promising method for developing safer and more cost-effective FMD vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Vaccinology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes significant economic losses in livestock.
  • Current FMD vaccines have notable disadvantages, driving the search for alternatives.
  • High hydrostatic pressure (HP) shows potential for viral inactivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of HP on FMDV O1 Campos-Vallée (CVa) infectivity.
  • To assess the feasibility of using HP for FMD vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • FMDV O1 CVa was subjected to high hydrostatic pressure (2.5 kbar) at low temperatures (-15°C) with urea.
  • Viral infectivity was measured post-treatment.
  • Capsid structure integrity was analyzed.
  • Neutralizing antibody production in rabbits was evaluated.

Main Results:

  • HP treatment completely abolished FMDV infectivity.
  • The viral capsid structure remained intact after HP treatment.
  • The treated FMDV retained its ability to induce neutralizing antibodies in rabbits.

Conclusions:

  • High hydrostatic pressure is a viable method for inactivating FMDV.
  • HP treatment preserves FMDV immunogenicity, making it suitable for vaccine production.
  • HP offers a safe, simple, cost-effective, and reproducible approach to viral vaccine development.

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