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The schematic representation of effector function underlying perceptual-motor skill.

D M Frohlich1, J M Elliott

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, England.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|March 1, 1984
PubMed
Summary

This study revises Schmidt's motor schema theory by highlighting the importance of understanding control system dynamics. Prior experience significantly impacts performance, necessitating a new model emphasizing effector-environment relations.

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Area of Science:

  • Motor control research
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Human-computer interaction

Background:

  • Schmidt's (1975) motor schema theory posits generalized motor programs for movement control.
  • Existing research presents equivocal findings, potentially due to uncontrolled factors like prior system familiarity.
  • The theory's interpretation of motor schemas as representing system dynamics needs refinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address conceptual and methodological issues in Schmidt's motor schema theory.
  • To investigate the role of control system dynamics and prior familiarity in motor learning.
  • To propose a modification to motor schema theory emphasizing effector-environment relations.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments involving bimanual control of a computer-displayed cursor on a CRT screen.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Subjects controlled cursor movement along tracks with varying orientations and control systems.
  • Variable practice and fixed practice conditions were compared for transfer learning.

    • Main Results:

    • Variable practice on a given control system led to better transfer to novel tracks compared to fixed practice.
    • Altering the control system disrupted performance, irrespective of movement pattern similarity.
    • Prior familiarity with control system dynamics emerged as a critical, often uncontrolled, factor.

    Conclusions:

    • Schmidt's motor schema theory requires fundamental modification.
    • A schematic representation of effector-environment relations (effector function) is crucial and independent of specific movement patterns.
    • Future research should account for system dynamics and prior experience in motor learning studies.