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Functional CT in lung with a conventional scanner: simulations and sampling considerations.

Parminder S Basran1, Ian Kay, David P Spencer

  • 1Department of Medical Physics, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada. parminder.basran@sw.ca

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|May 22, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Functional CT (f-CT) of the lung is feasible with conventional scanners. Accurate analysis requires well-sampled signals and low noise levels (≤20 HU) for reliable parameter estimation.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Pulmonary Physiology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Functional computed tomography (f-CT) of lung tissue is challenging due to rapid transit times, motion artifacts, and low signal intensity.
  • Conventional CT scanners present limitations for accurate f-CT analysis in pulmonary applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of parameter estimation in deconvolution analysis of lung tissue signals.
  • To investigate the impact of various physiological and technical factors on f-CT analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Computer simulations were used to model effects of partial volume averaging, transit times, vascular responses, noise, and sampling rates.
  • Deconvolution analysis, specifically singular-value decomposition (SVD), was applied to simulated lung signals using published arterial input values and noise levels.

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  • Accuracy, bias, and variance of estimated residue functions and parameters were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • f-CT signals from lung tissue can be measured and analyzed using SVD and other deconvolution methods.
    • Successful analysis is possible with well-sampled tissue and input curves and noise levels below approximately 20 HU, even in air-rich regions.
    • Mean tissue transit time (MTT) estimates are unaffected by air volume.
    • Singular-value decomposition (SVD) provides more accurate estimates for pulmonary blood volume and MTT compared to fast Fourier transform methods.

    Conclusions:

    • Functional CT of the lung using conventional scanners is achievable.
    • Optimal analysis depends on signal sampling and noise thresholds (≤20 HU).
    • SVD-based deconvolution is a viable method for estimating MTT and pulmonary blood volume in lung f-CT.