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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Size Matters: Measurement of Capsule Diameter in Cryptococcus neoformans
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Cryptococcus neoformans capsule structure evolution in vitro and during murine infection.

Dea Garcia-Hermoso1, Françoise Dromer, Guilhem Janbon

  • 1Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

Infection and Immunity
|May 25, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Cryptococcus neoformans capsule structure changes during infection show organ-specific selection. In vitro growth increases diversity, while in vivo passage selects for adapted strains.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Cryptococcus neoformans capsule structure can change with prolonged growth.
  • The dynamics and environmental specificity of these capsule modifications are unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze capsule structure modifications of C. neoformans after in vivo mouse passaging and prolonged in vitro culturing.
  • To investigate the environmental specificities and dynamics of these modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry analysis using the glucuronoxylomannan-specific monoclonal antibody E1.
  • Comparison of capsule structures (E1 epitope expression and heterogeneity) at different time points (0, 1, 8, 35 days) in vitro and in vivo.
  • Genotyping of recovered strains.

Main Results:

  • In vitro culturing led to increased strain diversity over time, suggesting no selection.
  • In vivo brain passage reduced strain diversity, indicating selection of adapted strains.
  • Strains from spleen and lungs differed from brain isolates, suggesting organ-specific selection.
  • In vitro and in vivo genotypes evolved differently based on the environment.

Conclusions:

  • C. neoformans capsule structure evolves differently in vitro and in vivo.
  • Organ-specific selection of C. neoformans strains occurs during cryptococcosis.
  • Environmental factors significantly influence cryptococcal strain evolution.