Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 24, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

CD4+ T lymphocytes from Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 (MSP2) vaccinees recognize naturally processed

Wendy C Brown1, Guy H Palmer, Kelly A Brayton

  • 1Program in Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA. wbrown@vetmed.wsu.edu

Infection and Immunity
|May 25, 2004
PubMed

Insights

CD4+ T cells recognize conserved epitopes in Anaplasma marginale's MSP3, similar to MSP2. This cross-recognition of major surface proteins (MSPs) may explain their immunodominance in cattle.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary immunology
  • Molecular microbiology
  • Bovine ehrlichial pathogens

Background:

  • Anaplasma marginale is a persistent bovine pathogen.
  • Major surface proteins (MSPs) 2 and 3 are immunodominant and undergo antigenic variation.
  • Conserved amino acid blocks exist between MSP2 and MSP3 N and C termini.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if CD4+ T cells recognizing MSP2 epitopes also recognize conserved epitopes in MSP3.
  • To investigate the role of T-cell responses in MSP immunodominance.

Main Methods:

  • Immunization of cattle with MSP2.
  • Analysis of T-lymphocyte responses to MSP2 and MSP3.
  • Epitope mapping of conserved regions.

Main Results:

  • CD4+ T cells from MSP2-immunized cattle recognized epitopes present in both MSP2 and MSP3.
  • At least one N-terminal and two C-terminal MSP2 epitopes were processed from MSP3.
  • T-lymphocyte responses targeted conserved and partially conserved epitopes.

Conclusions:

  • CD4+ T cells specific for MSP2 can recognize conserved epitopes within MSP3.
  • This cross-reactivity contributes to the immunodominance of MSP2 and MSP3 in Anaplasma marginale infections.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing effective vaccines and diagnostics.

More Related Videos

Cell-Free Scaled Production and Adjuvant Addition to a Recombinant Major Outer Membrane Protein from Chlamydia muridarum for Vaccine Development12:53

Cell-Free Scaled Production and Adjuvant Addition to a Recombinant Major Outer Membrane Protein from Chlamydia muridarum for Vaccine Development

Published on: March 16, 2022

In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers13:10

In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers

Published on: August 1, 2014

Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview