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Related Experiment Videos

Financing immunizations in the United States.

Alan R Hinman1, Walter A Orenstein, Lance Rodewald

  • 1Task Force for Child Survival and Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. ahinman@taskforce.org

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|May 25, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Federal programs like the Vaccination Assistance Act and Vaccines for Children (VFC) support childhood immunizations. Recent expensive vaccines reveal system weaknesses, impacting both child and adult vaccination financing in the U.S.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Policy
  • Immunization Financing

Background:

  • Childhood immunizations in the U.S. are funded through public and private sectors.
  • Federal support began in 1963 with the Vaccination Assistance Act (Section 317) and expanded with the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program in 1994.
  • Adult immunization historically lacked federal support until Medicare coverage for pneumococcal and influenza vaccines was introduced in 1981 and 1993, respectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the historical evolution of immunization financing in the United States.
  • To identify current challenges within the existing immunization funding system.
  • To discuss potential solutions for improving vaccine accessibility and affordability.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of federal immunization support legislation and programs.

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  • Analysis of vaccine purchasing data by funding source (VFC, Section 317, state/local, private).
  • Discussion of the impact of new, high-cost vaccines on the current financing model.

    • Main Results:

    • In 2002, the private sector funded 43% of childhood vaccines, while VFC funded 41%.
    • Section 317 and state/local governments funded 11% and 5%, respectively.
    • The introduction of expensive vaccines like pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has exposed limitations in the current financing structure.

    Conclusions:

    • The U.S. immunization financing system faces challenges, particularly with the rising cost of newer vaccines.
    • Addressing these weaknesses is crucial for maintaining high vaccination rates in both children and adults.
    • Policy adjustments are needed to ensure sustainable and equitable access to all recommended immunizations.