[Cannabis: experts agree more than they admit]

Cannabis is evermore present in society, whether within the general public or as a subject for scientific debate. Mass consumption of cannabis, for example, is stabilising around 22 percent of 18-year old who admit to having used it at least once during the previous month; however, this consumption rate falls off as they enter later adulthood. This article describes the emerging scientific consensus about the effects of this drug. The psychotropic effects of cannabis--the result of cannabinoids contained in its resin that activate specific receptors--include general euphoria, a mild release from inhibitions and, in certain cases, some distortion of sensory perception. Some patients also experience drowsiness, a stimulated appetite and anxiolysis, while others anticipate a more intense experience such as an altered state of consciousness. The toxicity of smoked cannabis and its acute, chronic secondary effects are described, as well as the problematic relationship between cannabis consumption and psychosis. The damages and toxic effects attributed to such consumption are presented via three, related themes: the growth of dependency, negative somatic consequences (including cognitive impairment and its consequences for driving an automobile, and damaging psychosocial effects. "Escalation theory" is criticized. In their conclusion, the authors cast doubt on the scientific grounds for penalisation of cannabis consumption, and recommend a "de-demonisation" of the drug. An analysis and discussion of the current penalties applied in Belgium are presented.