Lessons from ALLHAT. Are low budget diuretics first line therapy in hypertension?

T Unger1

  • 1Center for Cardiovascular Research/Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10117 Berlin, Germany. thomas.unger@charite.de

Zeitschrift Fur Kardiologie
|May 26, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Diuretics are established hypertension treatments but may cause side effects. Combining low-dose diuretics with other medications is recommended over their use as a sole hypertension therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diuretics are established, inexpensive cardiovascular agents for hypertension.
  • Hypertension guidelines differ on diuretic use; American guidelines prioritize them, while European guidelines list them as one of several first-choice options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of diuretics in hypertension management.
  • To propose an alternative therapeutic strategy for diuretics in hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific evidence and clinical experience regarding diuretic use in hypertension.
  • Analysis of guideline recommendations from the American (JNC 7) and European (ESH 2003) hypertension societies.

Main Results:

  • Diuretics are associated with dose-dependent side effects, including hypokalemia, diabetogenicity, and neurohumoral stimulation.
  • The author considers diuretics inferior to newer drug classes like RAS inhibitors due to these side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Diuretics should be removed from monotherapy for hypertension.
  • Low-dose diuretics should be used as combination partners with RAS inhibitors, beta-blockers, or calcium antagonists for better hypertension management and reduced side effects.

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