Proximal nerve elongation vs nerve grafting in repairing segmental nerve defects in rabbits

If segmental nerve defects could be repaired by elongating the proximal or distal segments, nerve grafting might be unnecessary. We elongated a 40-mm proximal segment of an injured median nerve, in the rabbit right forelimb, at a rate of 1 mm/day for 10 days in 10 rabbits and for 15 days in another 10. On the left forelimb of the same rabbits, a 10- for 15-mm segment of the median nerve was removed, and a 10- for 15-mm segment, respectively, of the tibial nerve was grafted in its place. Four months after the initial surgery, nerve conduction velocity (NCV), contractile strength of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), axon count, and axon diameter did not differ significantly between the 10-mm groups but were better in the 15-mm grafted group. Elongating the proximal nerve segment may be an alternative to grafting in repairing segmental defects of less than 10 mm.