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Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

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Formation of Biomembrane Microarrays with a Squeegee-based Assembly Method

Formation of Biomembrane Microarrays with a Squeegee-based Assembly Method

Published on: May 8, 2014

An addressable antibody nanoarray produced on a nanostructured surface.

Andreas Bruckbauer¹, Dejian Zhou, Dae-Joon Kang

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 27, 2004

Summary

Researchers developed a novel nanofabricated gold surface to precisely position biological building blocks. This breakthrough enables the creation of nanoscale biological arrays by selectively addressing specific features with antibodies.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Surface Science
Biotechnology

Background:

Precise manipulation of nanoscale features is crucial for creating biological nanoarrays and localized assembly of biological building blocks.
Current nanotechnology methods face challenges in addressing specific biological features at the nanoscale.
Selective immobilization and addressing of biomolecules on surfaces remain an unsolved problem.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel nanofabricated gold surface for addressing specific nanoscale features.
To demonstrate the selective immobilization and addressing of biological molecules on this surface.
To overcome limitations in producing diverse biological nanoarrays and performing local assembly.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a gold surface with distinct topographical and chemical regions at the nanoscale.
Selective immobilization of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies within nanoholes on the fabricated surface.
Nanopipet delivery of anti-IgG antibodies to selectively address specific immobilized IgG features.

Main Results:

Successfully produced nanoarrays of IgG antibodies with feature sizes determined by nanoholes (fwhm 90 nm).
Demonstrated selective addressing of specific antibody features using nanopipet delivery of anti-IgG.
Confirmed that feature size was limited by nanoholes, not surface diffusion, indicating precise control.

Conclusions:

The novel nanofabricated gold surface enables precise control over the placement of biological molecules at the nanoscale.
This method allows for selective addressing of specific biologically functional features on a surface.
Represents a significant advancement in nanotechnology for creating complex biological nanoarrays and facilitating local assembly.