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Related Concept Videos

Lineage Commitment01:21

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Lineage-reprogramming of Pericyte-derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neurons
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Reprogramming committed B lineage cells.

Cornelis Murre1

  • 1Divison of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Mature B lineage cells can be reprogrammed into macrophages, challenging the long-held belief that cell fate is irreversible after commitment. This study reveals a surprising plasticity in specialized immune cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cell lineage commitment is typically considered a terminal process, restricting cells to their designated fate.
  • The stability of differentiated cell states has been a fundamental concept in developmental biology and immunology.

Discussion:

  • This research challenges the dogma of irreversible cell fate determination in mature immune cells.
  • The findings suggest that cellular identity, even in committed cells, may be more plastic than previously understood.

Key Insights:

  • Committed, mature B lineage cells were successfully reprogrammed into functional macrophages.
  • This reprogramming demonstrates a novel mechanism for cell fate conversion within the hematopoietic system.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms driving this B cell to macrophage reprogramming is warranted.
  • Understanding this plasticity could open new avenues for regenerative medicine and therapeutic strategies targeting immune cell populations.