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Recent changes among human influenza viruses.

Y P Lin1, V Gregory, M Bennett

  • 1Virology Division, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.

Virus Research
|May 28, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Influenza epidemics are driven by antigenic variants. Recent reassortant influenza viruses, including H1N2 and reassortant B strains, highlight genetic reassortment

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Recurrent influenza epidemics are primarily caused by the emergence of novel antigenic variants.
  • Co-circulation of multiple influenza A subtypes and distinct influenza B lineages facilitates genetic reassortment.
  • Antigenic drift and reassortment are key mechanisms driving influenza evolution and epidemic recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the genetic makeup and antigenic properties of recently emerged influenza viruses.
  • To investigate the role of genetic reassortment in the evolution of influenza A and B viruses.
  • To assess the antigenic diversity and compatibility of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes in circulating strains.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA genes from circulating influenza A and B viruses.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of genetic sequences to identify reassortment events and evolutionary relationships.
  • Assessment of antigenic characteristics based on HA and NA gene sequences.

    • Main Results:

    • Emergence of H1N2 influenza A viruses in 2001 with HA genes similar to H1N1 and other genes related to H3N2 viruses.
    • Re-emergence of B/Victoria/87-lineage viruses followed by predominant circulation of reassortant B viruses with B/Victoria HA and B/Yamagata NA.
    • No significant increase in antigenic diversity of circulating influenza A viruses was observed with the H1N2 emergence.
    • The reassortant B viruses exhibited HA and NA sequences similar to recent B/Sichuan/99-like viruses.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic reassortment plays a significant role in the evolution of both influenza A and B viruses.
    • Divergent influenza B lineages show conserved functional compatibility between HA and NA genes.
    • Influenza A subtypes demonstrate apparent convergence in compatibility between H1 and N2 components.