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Related Experiment Videos

Preparticipation evaluation: an evidence-based review.

Kristin Wingfield1, Gordon O Matheson, Willem H Meeuwisse

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Burnham Pavilion, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-9175, USA.

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine
|May 29, 2004
PubMed
Summary

The preparticipation evaluation (PPE) is often inadequate for screening athletes, lacking standardization and consistent application of guidelines. Research indicates a need for a validated, standardized PPE to effectively screen for health risks, particularly cardiovascular issues, in sports participants.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Public Health Screening

Background:

  • The preparticipation evaluation (PPE) is a standard procedure for assessing health risks in athletes before sports participation.
  • Sudden cardiovascular death in athletes is a significant concern, necessitating effective screening methods.
  • Current literature on the validity and effectiveness of the PPE as a screening tool is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing evidence on the validity of the preparticipation evaluation (PPE) for screening exercise and sport participants.
  • To specifically evaluate research on methods for screening athletes at risk of sudden cardiovascular death.
  • To examine the current state and effectiveness of the PPE as a screening tool in athletic participation.

Main Methods:

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  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted on electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Sport Discuss, etc.) up to January 2004.
  • Studies included original research on athletes and student-athletes under 36 years, focusing on cardiovascular causes of sudden death and screening tool validity.
  • Data from 310 articles meeting selection criteria were reviewed, with a focus on 25 original research articles directly related to the PPE.

Main Results:

  • Five studies assessing PPE format and effectiveness concluded it was inadequate, lacking standardization and consistent adherence to American Heart Association recommendations.
  • The PPE is administered by various healthcare professionals, some lacking adequate training.
  • Twelve studies on specific cardiovascular screening techniques showed divided opinions on the effectiveness of history, physical examination, ECG, and echocardiography for detecting risks.

Conclusions:

  • Despite being mandatory in many sports organizations, research on the PPE's effectiveness is limited.
  • Available research suggests the PPE is not implemented adequately or uniformly.
  • There is a clear need for a standardized, validated PPE that meets medical quality standards for sensitive and specific screening of athletes.