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Environmental risk limits for antifouling substances.

Annemarie P van Wezel1, P van Vlaardingen

  • 1Centre for Substances and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, PO. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. ap.van.wezel@rivm.nl

Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|June 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary

New antifouling agents replacing tributyl-tin (TBT) pose environmental risks. Environmental risk limits (ERLs) were calculated for TBT substitutes, with Irgarol 1051 showing potential ecosystem harm at measured concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Global restrictions on tributyl-tin (TBT) antifouling paint necessitate the evaluation of TBT substitutes.
  • New antifouling agents require environmental risk limits (ERLs) to assess ecosystem impact.
  • Existing regulations include the EU restriction on TBT (1989) and the IMO global ban (2003).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive Environmental Risk Limits (ERLs) for new antifouling agents used as TBT substitutes.
  • To assess the ecological risk of Irgarol 1051, dichlofluanid, ziram, chlorothalonil, and TCMTB.
  • To propose a basis for water ERLs using plant toxicity data for Irgarol 1051.

Main Methods:

  • ERLs derived using (eco)toxicology and environmental chemistry data, focusing on population dynamics endpoints.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Equilibrium partitioning method used for sediment and soil ERLs in the absence of direct data.
  • Environmental occurrence data for Irgarol 1051 in The Netherlands compared against derived ERLs.

    • Main Results:

    • Irgarol 1051 showed high plant sensitivity due to photosynthetic electron transport inhibition.
    • Proposed water ERL for Irgarol 1051 based on plant data, despite higher variability, due to mechanistic sensitivity.
    • Measured Irgarol 1051 concentrations in The Netherlands approach the derived ERL, indicating potential ecosystem risk.

    Conclusions:

    • The ERL for water should be based on the most sensitive species (plants) for Irgarol 1051.
    • For dichlofluanid, ERLs should consider metabolites due to its instability in water.
    • Measured Irgarol 1051 levels suggest that ecosystem functioning and species composition may not be protected.