Space-charge driven emittance growth in a 3D mismatched anisotropic beam

We investigate the phenomenon of space-charge driven emittance growth in a three-dimensional mismatched anisotropic charged particle beam with relevance to high-intensity linear accelerators. The final emittance growth can be understood as a superposition of the contributions from the mismatch-induced halo formation and from the anisotropy-induced energy exchange. The averaged emittance growth per degree of freedom is bounded from above by the so-called "free energy limit" extended by the contributions from energy exchange. The partition of the growth into longitudinal or transverse is, however, a strong function of the tune ratio including the possibility that an initially equipartitioned beam is even driven substantially away from equipartition. The growth of the beam halo extent is dominated by the effect of mismatch, whereas anisotropy itself generates practically no halo.