[Arthroscopy of the hip]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

• Hip arthroscopy is a widely adopted minimally invasive procedure for treating various hip disorders.
• The surgical technique requires specialized equipment, such as a fracture table for joint distraction, and precise patient positioning.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the surgical technique and indications for hip arthroscopy.
• To highlight the anatomical compartments of the hip relevant to arthroscopic visualization.
• To discuss the therapeutic applications and potential complications of hip arthroscopy.

Main Methods:

• Arthroscopic visualization of the hip, divided into central and peripheral compartments.
• Utilizing joint distraction for central compartment access, including the loaded femoral head and lunate cartilage.
• Visualizing the peripheral compartment, comprising unloaded femoral head cartilage and the femoral neck, without traction.

Main Results:

• Successful treatment of labral lesions, loose bodies, moderate osteoarthritis, synovial diseases, and teres ligament pathology.
• Complications are infrequent when the procedure is performed with adequate technique and contraindications are considered.

Conclusions:

• Hip arthroscopy offers effective minimally invasive treatment for specific hip pathologies.
• Mastery of the surgical technique, including compartment-specific approaches and joint distraction, is essential for optimal results and safety.