Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Murine Fetal Echocardiography
Published on: February 15, 2013
Assessing fetal health
1Department of Feomaternal Medicine, Directorate of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
Fetal surveillance significantly reduces the incidence of fetal loss, perinatal morbidity and maternal distress. Obstetricians traditionally classify pregnancies as 'low' or 'high risk' and apply various methods of fetal surveillance in the latter group. However, the majority of stillbirths now occur in 'low-risk' women. This seemingly anomalous observation emphasises the need to develop more effective ways of identifying 'at-risk' fetuses in 'low-risk' women. This chapter describes and critically evaluates eleven currently available tools for fetal surveillance. It also reviews the criteria for ascribing risk status in pregnancy and suggests a pragmatic approach to health assessment in normally formed fetuses for each group. It does not address fetal surveillance during labour and delivery.
Fetal surveillance significantly reduces the incidence of fetal loss, perinatal morbidity and maternal distress. Obstetricians traditionally classify pregnancies as 'low' or 'high risk' and apply various methods of fetal surveillance in the latter group. However, the majority of stillbirths now occur in 'low-risk' women. This seemingly anomalous observation emphasises the need to develop more effective ways of identifying 'at-risk' fetuses in 'low-risk' women. This chapter describes and critically evaluates eleven currently available tools for fetal surveillance. It also reviews the criteria for ascribing risk status in pregnancy and suggests a pragmatic approach to health assessment in normally formed fetuses for each group. It does not address fetal surveillance during labour and delivery.
Related Concept Videos
Assessment of apical pulse
Assessing the apical pulse is a critical nursing procedure, particularly indicated for:
Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Doppler Ultrasound Blood Pressure Assessment:
Preparation of Equipment:
Ultrasonography
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called a...
Assessment of the Abdomen I: Inspection and Auscultation
The abdominal examination is a cornerstone of clinical medicine, serving as a critical tool in diagnosing various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. It involves a systematic approach that includes inspection and auscultation, each with distinct yet complementary roles in assessing the abdomen. This article will delve into these two primary methods healthcare professionals use to examine the abdomen.
Inspection of the Abdomen
The first step in any abdominal examination is inspection.
Assessment of the Abdomen II: Percussion
Percussion
Percussion is an essential...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System III: Percussion and Auscultation

