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Updated: Aug 24, 2026

Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System
Published on: May 12, 2023
[Studies of equivalence in cardiovascular diseases]
Pietro Barbieri1, Ettore Marubini
1Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi, Milano. pietro.barbieri@fastwebnet.it
Abstract:
An increasing number of equivalence and non-inferiority trials appeared in recent years among randomized clinical trials, particularly for the evaluation of efficacy of treatments in cardiovascular medicine. These studies are characterized by remarkable methodological issues and important ethical implications. The aim of this review was to underscore some topic methodological problems: setting the equivalence boundary, the special logic used to establish equivalence, and the determinants of sample size. A Medline search was performed in order to identify the main problems in study design and in the interpretation of results of the equivalence and non-inferiority trials in cardiovascular diseases.
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