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Diversification within grapevine cultivars goes through chimeric states.

S Hocquigny1, F Pelsy, V Dumas

  • 1Laboratoire de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1131 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Louis Pasteur, Colmar, France.

Genome
|June 11, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Genetic analysis of Vitis vinifera Pinot clones revealed triallelic profiles due to periclinal chimerism. This finding helps understand the diversification and phylogeny within the Pinot grape group.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Viticulture
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Intravarietal genetic diversity in Vitis vinifera is crucial for grapevine breeding and understanding cultivar evolution.
  • Microsatellite analysis is a standard method for assessing genetic variation in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic diversity within Vitis vinifera 'Pinot' clones.
  • To explain the observed triallelic profiles in microsatellite analysis of Pinot clones.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 145 Vitis vinifera accessions from various 'Pinot' cultivars using 50 microsatellite loci.
  • Sequencing of microsatellite alleles to confirm triallelic profiles.
  • Investigation of periclinal chimerism through progeny analysis, root tissue genotyping, and somatic embryogenesis in 'Pinot gris' clones.

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Main Results:

  • Polymorphism in leaf tissue DNA was primarily due to triallelic profiles at microsatellite loci, unexpected in a diploid species.
  • Periclinal chimerism, a meristem structure with distinct cell layers, was confirmed as the cause of triallelic profiles in 'Pinot gris' clones.
  • Chimerism was prevalent across various 'Pinot' cultivars, suggesting its role in their diversification.

Conclusions:

  • Periclinal chimerism is a significant factor contributing to genetic diversity and observed polymorphisms within Vitis vinifera 'Pinot' cultivars.
  • Understanding chimerism and somatic mutations provides insights into the diversification processes and phylogeny of the 'Pinot' grape group.