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The gastrointestinal tract and glucose tolerance
Adrian Vella1, Michael Camilleri, Robert A Rizza
1Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic & Foundation, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. vella.adrian@mayo.edu
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|June 12, 2004
Summary
The gastrointestinal tract is crucial for glucose tolerance. Incretins and factors affecting gastric emptying significantly influence insulin secretion and overall glucose regulation in diabetes therapy.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Gastroenterology
- Metabolic Research
Background:
- Incretin hormones are vital for glucose homeostasis.
- Therapeutic advancements in diabetes highlight the gut's role.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of incretins in glucose tolerance.
- To examine factors influencing gastric emptying and insulin secretion.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent findings on incretins.
- Analysis of the impact of gastric emptying on glucose metabolism.
Main Results:
- Incretins and their metabolites modulate insulin secretion, gastric emptying, and satiety.
- Gastric emptying and diet composition are key determinants of glucose tolerance.
- The portal glucose sensor concept in humans has been re-evaluated.
Conclusions:
- The gastrointestinal tract significantly impacts glucose tolerance.
- Altered gastric emptying and insulin response affect glucose regulation.
- Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing diabetes.