Prediction of Helicobacter pylori in gastric specimens by inflammatory and morphological histological evaluation

Statistical correlations and predictive values were calculated for 330 gastrointestinal biopsies and tissues, of which 248 were from the stomach from 115 patients in this retrospective study, which graded 10 inflammatory and 14 morphological mucosal and submucosal abnormalities and compared them with the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Analysis revealed that 78 (31.5%) of the 248 stomach biopsies and tissues showed H. pylori, and 21 (8.5%) had non-Helicobacter-like bacteria, such as rods and cocci. Inflammatory components had high correlations, with specimens containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) showing high specificities and predictive values for a positive test, whereas the chronic inflammatory components had high sensitivities and predictive values for a negative test. Positive morphological correlations existed for mucus depletion, degeneration, regeneration, and ulceration, but intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma had negative correlations. The antrum was most commonly infected, suggesting that intact healthy antral morphology and the neutral mucin in the surface epithelial cells represents the optimal environment for infection. Also, 8.5% of the gastric biopsies and tissues showed non-Helicobacter bacteria associated with inflammation, thus raising the question of colonization versus pathogenesis.