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Why does migration decrease fertility? Evidence from the Philippines.

Eric R Jensen1, Dennis A Ahlburg

  • 1Department of Economics, College of William and Mary. eric_jensen@wm.edu

Population Studies
|June 19, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Migration impacts fertility, especially when accompanied by employment opportunities. Fertility declines are significant with post-migration work, but minimal otherwise, suggesting economic factors are key drivers.

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Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Sociology
  • Economics

Background:

  • International migration is a significant demographic phenomenon.
  • Understanding migration's impact on fertility is crucial for population studies.
  • Socioeconomic factors at the destination influence migrant behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the impact of past migration on fertility.
  • To assess the distinct effects of destination urbanization (norms) and post-migration employment (opportunity costs).
  • To investigate migrant selectivity in fertility.

Main Methods:

  • Econometric modeling of migration and fertility data.
  • Analysis of data from the Philippines.
  • Distinguishing between normative and opportunity cost effects.

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Main Results:

  • Large fertility declines are associated with post-migration employment in the Philippines.
  • Migration's fertility impact is small if not followed by paid work.
  • Little evidence of migrant selectivity in fertility was found.

Conclusions:

  • Post-migration employment, representing opportunity costs, is a significant driver of fertility decline.
  • Normative adaptation (urbanization) appears to have a smaller direct impact than economic factors.
  • Fertility disruption during migration may partially explain apparent normative effects.