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Triphenyltin as a potential human endocrine disruptor
1California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, California 95812, USA. mgolub@oehha.ca.gov
Summary
Triphenyltin (TPT), an aryltin compound, is a reproductive toxicant in mammals. Studies show TPT causes reproductive tract damage, infertility, and may act as a human endocrine disruptor.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Toxicology
- Reproductive Toxicology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Organotin compounds are known reproductive toxicants and endocrine disruptors, primarily studied in aquatic life.
- Aryltins, a class of organotins, are less studied than alkyltins in mammals.
- Triphenyltin (TPT) is an aryltin with available toxicity data from pesticide registration and literature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the reproductive toxicity and endocrine-disrupting potential of triphenyltin (TPT) in mammals.
- To synthesize existing data on TPT's effects on mammalian reproductive systems.
Main Methods:
- Review of toxicity studies on triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) registration.
- Analysis of open literature on triphenyltin (TPT) effects.
- In vitro studies investigating TPT's interaction with the androgen receptor and steroid hormone metabolism.
Main Results:
- Adverse functional and morphological effects on rat reproductive tracts observed at doses of 1.4-20 mg/kg/d.
- Gonadal histopathology and infertility occurred at higher doses.
- Reproductive-tract cancer, reduced litter size, and altered organ weights noted at lower doses.
- In vitro data showed TPT activates androgen receptor transcription and inhibits steroidogenic enzymes.
Conclusions:
- Triphenyltin (TPT) demonstrates reproductive toxicity in mammals.
- TPT may function as a human endocrine disruptor.
- Further investigation into TPT's endocrine-disrupting mechanisms is warranted.