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Direct carotid cavernous fistula in infancy: presentation and treatment

Ansaar T Rai1, Jennifer A Sivak-Callcott, Chris Larzo

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9235, USA.

Insights

A rare carotid-cavernous fistula in an infant was successfully treated with coil embolization. This intervention resolved orbital venous congestion and normalized intraocular pressure, marking a significant advancement in pediatric neurovascular care.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal connections between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus.
  • While CCFs are well-documented in adults, their occurrence in infancy is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • An 11-month-old infant presented with symptoms indicative of orbital venous congestion.
  • Imaging revealed an enlarged superior ophthalmic vein and cavernous sinus on the affected side.
  • Catheter angiography confirmed a direct carotid-cavernous fistula with extensive venous drainage.

Findings:

  • The direct carotid-cavernous fistula in this infant was successfully treated using endovascular coil embolization.
  • Post-embolization, the infant's symptoms of orbital venous congestion completely resolved.
  • Intraocular pressures, initially elevated, returned to normal levels following the procedure.

Implications:

  • This case represents the first reported instance of a carotid-cavernous fistula in infancy.
  • Successful endovascular treatment in this infant suggests feasibility and efficacy of this approach for pediatric CCFs.
  • Highlights the importance of considering rare vascular anomalies in infants presenting with ophthalmologic symptoms.

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