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Effects of eggplant (Solanum melongena) on the atherogenesis and oxidative stress in LDL receptor knock out mice

Françoise V Botelho1, Luciana R Enéas, Giovana C Cesar

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, 30.161-970, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil.

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
|June 23, 2004
PubMed
Summary

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Eggplant intake did not lower cholesterol or prevent atherosclerosis in mice. Surprisingly, eggplant extract increased oxidative stress, suggesting it may be a risk factor for atherosclerosis.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is traditionally used for its cholesterol-lowering properties.
  • Limited controlled studies exist on eggplant's effects on cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of eggplant extract on cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis development.
  • To evaluate eggplant's efficacy as a hypocholesterolemic agent in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice were fed either a chow or atherogenic diet for 12 weeks.
  • Mice received either water (control) or eggplant extract.
  • Lipid profiles, lipoproteins, oxidative stress markers, and atherosclerotic lesion areas were assessed.

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Main Results:

  • Eggplant extract did not reduce total cholesterol or atherogenic lipoproteins.
  • Mice on eggplant extract showed increased oxidative stress markers (anti-ox-LDL antibodies, decreased lag phase of conjugated diene formation).
  • No significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesion size was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Eggplant extract did not demonstrate hypocholesterolemic effects or prevent atherosclerosis in LDLR(-/-) mice.
  • Eggplant extract unexpectedly increased oxidative stress, a known risk factor for atherosclerosis.
  • Findings do not support the use of eggplant extract as a cholesterol-lowering agent.