Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 23, 2026

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
Published on: September 19, 2016
Interruption of measles transmission in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country), Spain
G Cilla1, M Basterretxea, J Artieda
1Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Donostia, Spain.
Abstract:
Measles vaccine was introduced in Gipuzkoa (Basque country, Spain) in 1978 and was replaced by the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine for children aged 12-15 months in 1981. A second dose of the MMR vaccine was introduced in 1992. Both doses of the MMR vaccine were well accepted by the population and high coverage was achieved (95% and 91% for the first and second doses respectively for the period 1993-2002). Measles virus circulation was interrupted in the second half of the 1990s: no cases of indigenous measles were notified between 1998 and 2003, and only imported cases have been confirmed during this period. These data indicate that the measles vaccination programme implemented has been effective. Nevertheless, to avoid measles outbreaks following viral introduction, high MMR vaccine coverage levels for the two doses have to be maintained (>95%).
Related Concept Videos
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Poliomyelitis
Vaccinations
Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

