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Updated: Aug 2, 2026
07:28
Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
Published on: April 6, 2017
Inhaled micronized crystalline human insulin using a dry powder inhaler: dose-response and time-action profiles
1Profil Institute for Metabolic Research, Hellersbergstrasse 9, D-41460 Neuss, Germany. klaus.rave@profil-research.de
Summary
Inhaled human insulin powder delivered via a dry powder inhaler shows faster absorption and glucose-lowering effects compared to subcutaneous injection. This novel delivery method is well-tolerated and offers a promising alternative for insulin administration.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Endocrinology
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Micronized crystalline human insulin powder delivered via a Spiros dry powder inhaler system.
- Euglycaemic glucose clamp studies are essential for assessing insulin pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the pharmacokinetics, glucodynamics, safety, and tolerability of inhaled human insulin.
- To compare inhaled insulin with subcutaneous (s.c.) injected regular human insulin.
Main Methods:
- Open-label, randomized, 6-period crossover trial in 13 healthy volunteers.
- Administration of four single doses of inhaled insulin (60-150 U) and two doses of s.c. injected insulin (8-20 U).
Main Results:
- Inhaled insulin peaked 60 minutes earlier than s.c. insulin (P < 0.0001).
- Time to maximum glucose infusion rate was 70 minutes earlier with inhaled insulin (P < 0.0001).
- Relative bioavailability ranged from 11.5-12.2% and biopotency from 10.0-16.5%; all doses were well tolerated.
Conclusions:
- Inhalation of human insulin via a dry powder inhaler is a promising alternative route for insulin administration.
- The study supports the development of inhaled insulin for improved glycemic control.
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