Comparison of needle core biopsy and fine-needle aspiration for diagnostic accuracy in musculoskeletal lesions

Needle core biopsy has been reported to be the choice of biopsy for musculoskeletal tumors. Fine-needle aspiration, on the other hand, has been widely accepted for nonmusculoskeletal tumors, but is only used in selected medical centers for musculoskeletal tumors. While fine-needle aspiration appears to have advantages to needle core biopsy in the aspects of simplicity and cost, the diagnostic accuracy should be the most critical parameter in determining the choice of biopsy. However, few studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of these 2 biopsy methods have been performed.

This study was designed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration and needle core biopsy in musculoskeletal tumors.

Prospective study was performed in patients aged 10 years or older. Diagnostic accuracy was compared in 50 consecutive concurrent needle core biopsies and fine-needle aspirations of musculoskeletal lesions.

For primary musculoskeletal lesions, fine-needle aspiration achieved a diagnostic accuracy rate of 88% for nature of lesion, 64% for specific diagnosis, 78% for histologic grading, and 74% for histologic typing. Needle core biopsy achieved an accuracy rate of 93% for nature of lesions, 83% for specific diagnosis, 83% for histologic grading, and 90% for histologic typing. Both biopsy methods have a higher diagnostic accuracy rate for high-grade tumors than for low-grade or benign lesions in determining the nature, specific diagnosis, and histologic grading.

The needle core biopsy has a higher diagnostic accuracy than fine-needle aspiration in all aspects, including determining the nature of the tumor, establishing the histologic type and grade, and achieving a specific diagnosis.