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Resistance in the environment.

K Kümmerer1

  • 1Applied Environmental Research Section, Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, Freiburg University Hospital, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. Klaus.Kuemmerer@uniklinik-freiburg.de

The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
|June 25, 2004
PubMed
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Antibiotics and resistant bacteria are present in the environment, raising concerns about ecological impacts. Further research is needed to understand the effects of these substances and resistant bacteria on environmental health.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Antibiotics and disinfectants are detected in various environmental compartments, including water, soil, and sediment.
  • Widespread use in human medicine, veterinary practices, and agriculture leads to environmental release.
  • Growing concern exists regarding pathogenic bacteria resistance and its ecotoxicological effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and ecological implications of antibiotics, disinfectants, and resistant bacteria in the environment.
  • To explore the effects of subinhibitory antibiotic and disinfectant concentrations on environmental bacteria, particularly concerning resistance.
  • To assess the contribution of resistant bacteria to environmental resistance and their potential impact.

Main Methods:

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  • Detection of antibiotics, disinfectants, and resistant bacteria in environmental samples (wastewater, surface water, groundwater, sediments, soils).
  • Assessment of the ecological problem of antibiotic resistance, including resistance genes and resistant bacteria.
  • Review of current knowledge on the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents on environmental bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Antibiotics, disinfectants, and resistant bacteria are confirmed environmental contaminants.
  • The input of resistant bacteria is identified as a significant source of environmental resistance.
  • The impact of subinhibitory concentrations on resistance transfer is currently considered questionable.
  • The ecotoxicological effects and overall environmental impact of resistant bacteria remain largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotic resistance is increasingly recognized as a critical ecological issue.
  • Resistant bacteria entering the environment are a key factor in spreading resistance.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the environmental fate and impact of antimicrobial agents and resistant bacteria.