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What predicts performance in Canadian dental schools?

S Smithers1, V M Catano, D P Cunningham

  • 1Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's University.

Journal of Dental Education
|June 26, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Selecting dental students involves evaluating cognitive and non-cognitive factors. Personality measures, alongside interviews and the Dental Aptitude Test, can enhance prediction of clinical performance in dental education.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Education
  • Psychometrics
  • Admissions Selection

Background:

  • Dental schools face challenges in selecting top candidates from competitive applicant pools.
  • Cognitive and non-cognitive factors are used in dental school admissions, with growing interest in personality assessments.
  • The predictive validity of existing selection tools needs continuous evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the validity of cognitive and non-cognitive factors in Canadian dental school admissions.
  • To assess if personality measures improve prediction of dental student performance beyond interviews and the Dental Aptitude Test.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated the predictive validity of interviews, the Dental Aptitude Test (DAT), and a personality measure for dental student performance.

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  • Assessed the contribution of personality facets (Openness to Experience, Extroversion) to predicting preclinical and clinical success.

    • Main Results:

    • The Dental Aptitude Test effectively predicts preclinical academic success, with reduced validity for clinical performance.
    • Interviews show potential for identifying key behavioral characteristics for dental training.
    • Openness to Experience negatively correlated with clinical education aspects; however, specific facets (Ideas, Positive Emotions) improved performance prediction when combined with DAT and interview.

    Conclusions:

    • The Dental Aptitude Test and interviews are valuable but may not fully capture predictors of clinical success.
    • Certain personality facets can enhance the prediction of performance in clinical dental studies.
    • Recommendations are provided for optimizing the admissions process for Canadian dental programs.